Bristol-Myers Squibb :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb is a worldwide health and personal care company with major businesses in medicines, beauty care, nutritionals, and medical devices. BMS is a leader in innovative therapies for cardiovascular, metabolic and infectious diseases, central nervous system and dermatalogical disorders, and cncer. They are also leaders in consumer medicine, orthopaedic devices, ostomy care, wound management, nutritional supplements, infant formulas, and hair and skin care products.Some of the very well known products manufactured by Bristol-Myers Sqibb are Bufferin, Excederin, Enfamil, Clairol, and Sea Breeze. Another large part of BMS is their research and development of new pharmecutical products. Their annual budget for research and development is in excess of one billion dollars. Bristol-Myers Squibb is the product of a merger between Bristol-Myers and Squibb Company in 1989. Bristol-Myers was originally Clinton Pharmecuticals, a failing drug manufacturing firm. In 1887 William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers invested five thousand dollars in the company and on December 13, 1887 became president and vice president respectively. In 1898 the name was changed from Clinton Pharmecutical Company to Bristol,Myers Company. In 1899, after Myers's death, the comma was replaced by a hyphen. In 1856 Edward Robinson Squibb founded a pharmecutical company in Brooklyn, New York. In 1895 the company became E.R. Squibb & Sons when Squibb passed most of the responsibility to his sons. The company was then sold to Lowell M. Palmer and Theodore Weiker in 1905. Then in 1989 came the merger of Bristol-Myers and Sqibb creating, what was then, the second largest pharmecutical enterprise in the world. Bristol-Myers Squibb currently employs over 57,000 people in more than 60 countries around the world. A highly diversified corporation, BMS has career opportunities in a variety of business and technical fields. For a descriptive list of current openings, as well as contact names and addresses, consult Bristol-Myers Squibb's employment page at www.bms.com/joinus. Recruiting also takes place on over 50 college campuses in the U.S. and at various job fairs and conferences. The CEO of Bristol-Myers Squibb is Charles A. Heimbold. Heimbold earned his B.A. at Villanova University(1954), his I.L.B at The University of Pennsylvania(1960), and his L.L.M at New York University(1965).

Investment Management Exam Paper

Sample (Easy/Medium level of difficulty) Midterm Exam, FINE441- Fall 2012 – Answer KEYs are attached in the end! THIS IS THE EXAMPLE OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. THE NUMERICAL PROBLEMS WILL BE SIMILAR (NOT IDENTICAL) TO THE END OF CHAPTER PROBLEMS POSTED ON My Courses and Assignments 1. You purchased a share of stock for $20. One year later you received $1 as dividend and sold the share for $29. What was your holding period return? A) 45% B) 50% C) 5% D) 40% E) none of the above Use the following to answer questions 2-3: You have been given this probability distribution for the holding period return for XYZ stock:State of the Economy Boom Normal growth Recession 2. Probability . 30 . 50 . 20 HPR 18% 12% – 5% What is the expected holding period return for XYZ stock? 3. What is the expected standard deviation for XYZ stock? 4. A T-bill pays 6 percent rate of return. Would risk-averse investors invest in a risky portfolio that pays 12 percent with a probability of 40 perc ent or 2 percent with a probability of 60 percent? A) Yes, because they are rewarded with a risk premium. B) No, because they are not rewarded with a risk premium. C) No, because the risk premium is small. D) Cannot be determined.E) None of the above 5. In the mean-standard deviation graph, which one of the following statements is true regarding the indifference curve of a risk-averse investor? A) It is the locus of portfolios that have the same expected rates of return and different standard deviations. B) It is the locus of portfolios that have the same standard deviations and different rates of return. C) It is the locus of portfolios that offer the same utility according to returns and standard deviations. D) It connects portfolios that offer increasing utilities according to returns and standard deviations.E) none of the above. 6. Assume an investor with the following utility function: U = E(r) – 3/2(s2). To maximize her expected utility, she would choose the asset with an expected rate of return of _______ and a standard deviation of ________, respectively. A) 12%; 20% B) 10%; 15% C) 10%; 10% D) 8%; 10% E) none of the above Consider a risky portfolio, A, with an expected rate of return of 0. 15 and a standard deviation of 0. 15, that lies on a given indifference curve. Which one of the following portfolios might lie on the same indifference curve? A) E(r) = 0. 15; Standard deviation = 0. 20 B) E(r) = 0. 5; Standard deviation = 0. 10 C) E(r) = 0. 10; Standard deviation = 0. 10 D) E(r) = 0. 20; Standard deviation = 0. 15 E) E(r) = 0. 10; Standard deviation = 0. 20 An investor can choose to invest in T-bills paying 5% or a risky portfolio with end-of-year cash flow of $132,000. If the investor requires a risk premium of 5%, what would she be willing to pay for the risky portfolio? A) $100,000 B) $108,000 C) $120,000 D) $145,000 E) $147,000 7. 8. 9. You invest $100 in a risky asset with an expected rate of return of 0. 12 and a standard deviation of 0 . 15 and a T-bill with a rate of return of 0. 05.What percentages of your money must be invested in the risky asset and the risk-free asset, respectively, to form a portfolio with an expected return of 0. 09? A) 85% and 15% B) 75% and 25% C) 67% and 33% D) 57% and 43% E) cannot be determined 10. Beta is the measure of A) firm specific risk. B) diversifiable risk. C) market risk. D) unique risk. E) none of the above. 11. The efficient frontier of risky assets is A) the portion of the investment opportunity set that lies above the global minimum variance portfolio. B) the portion of the investment opportunity set that represents the highest standard deviations.C) the portion of the investment opportunity set which includes the portfolios with the lowest standard deviation. D) the set of portfolios that have zero standard deviation. E) both A and B are true. 12. Consider two perfectly negatively correlated risky securities A and B. A has an expected rate of return of 10% and a standard deviation of 16%. B has an expected rate of return of 8% and a standard deviation of 12%. 12. 1. The weights of A and B in the global minimum variance portfolio are _____ and _____, respectively. A) 0. 24; 0. 76 B) 0. 50; 0. 50 C) 0. 57; 0. 43 D) 0. 43; 0. 57 E) 0. 76; 0. 24 12. 2.The risk-free portfolio that can be formed with the two securities will earn _____ rate of return. A) 8. 5% B) 9. 0% C) 8. 9% D) 9. 9% E) none of the above 13. Portfolio theory as described by Markowitz is most concerned with: A) the elimination of systematic risk. B) the effect of diversification on portfolio risk. C) the identification of unsystematic risk. D) active portfolio management to enhance returns. E) none of the above. 14. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) a well diversified portfolio's rate of return is a function of A) market risk B) unsystematic risk C) unique risk. D) reinvestment risk.E) none of the above. 15. The risk-free rate and the expected market rate of return are 0. 06 and 0. 12, respectively. According to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the expected rate of return on security X with a beta of 1. 2 is equal to A) 0. 06. B) 0. 144. C) 0. 12. D) 0. 132 E) 0. 18 16. Which statement is not true regarding the market portfolio? A) It includes all publicly traded financial assets. B) It lies on the efficient frontier. C) All securities in the market portfolio are held in proportion to their market values. D) It is the tangency point between the capital market line and the indifference curve.E) All of the above are true. 17. Your personal opinion is that security X has an expected rate of return of 0. 11. It has a beta of 1. 5. The risk-free rate is 0. 05 and the market expected rate of return is 0. 09. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security is A) underpriced. B) overpriced. C) fairly priced. D) cannot be determined from data provided. E) none of the above. 18. According to the index model, covariances among security pa irs are A) due to the influence of a single common factor represented by the market index return. B) extremely difficult to calculate. C) related to industry-specific events.D) usually positive. E) A and D 19. In the single-index model represented by the equation ri = E(ri) + ? iF + ei, the term ei represents A) the impact of unanticipated macroeconomic events on security i's return. B) the impact of unanticipated firm-specific events on security i's return. C) the impact of anticipated macroeconomic events on security i's return. D) the impact of anticipated firm-specific events on security i's return. E) the impact of changes in the market on security i's return. 20. Suppose two portfolios have the same average return, the same standard deviation of returns, but portfolio A has a higher beta than portfolio B.According to the Sharpe measure, the performance of portfolio A __________. A) is better than the performance of portfolio B B) is the same as the performance of portfolio B C ) is poorer than the performance of portfolio B D) cannot be measured as there is no data on the alpha of the portfolio E) none of the above is true. 21. An arbitrage opportunity exists if an investor can construct a __________ investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit. A) positive B) negative C) zero D) all of the above E) none of the above 22. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 6%.The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1. 1. The variance of returns on the well-diversified portfolio is approximately __________. A) 3. 6% B) 6. 0% C) 7. 3% D) 10. 1% E) none of the above 23. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0. 2 and an expected return of 13%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0. 4 and an expected return of 15%. The riskfree rate of return is 10%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio __ _______. A) A, A B) A, B C) B, A D) B, B E) none of the above 4. You sold short 300 shares of common stock at $55 per share. The initial margin is 60%. At what stock price would you receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 35%? A. $51. 00 B. $65. 18 C. $35. 22 D. $40. 36 E. none of the above 25. You purchased 1000 shares of CSCO common stock on margin at $19 per share. Assume the initial margin is 50% and the maintenance margin is 30%. Below what stock price level would you get a margin call? Assume the stock pays no dividend; ignore interest on margin A. $12. 86 B. $15. 75 C. $19. 67 D. $13. 57 U = E(r) – (A/2)s2, where A = 4. . 26. Based on the utility function above, which investment would you select? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. cannot tell from the information given 27. Analysts may use regression analysis to estimate the index model for a stock. When doing so, the slope of the regression line is an estimate of ______________. A. the ? of the asset B. the ? of the as set C. the ? of the asset D. the ? of the asset E. the ? of the asset 28. Analysts may use regression analysis to estimate the index model for a stock. When doing so, the intercept of the regression line is an estimate of ______________.A. the ? of the asset B. the ? of the asset C. the ? of the asset D. the ? of the asset E. the ? of the asset 29. The index model for stock A has been estimated with the following result: RA= 0. 01 + 0. 9RM+ eA If ? M= 0. 25 and R2A= 0. 25, the standard deviation of return of stock A is _________. A. 0. 2025 B. 0. 2500 C. 0. 4500 D. 0. 8100 E. 0. 5460 Answer keys for the Sample Midterm, Fall 2012, FINE441. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 12. 2 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C B C E B C C C C D C A D C

The effects of Steroids Essay - 2189 Words

One of the hottest topics on the news recently has been steroid use by athletes. From talk radio to the best seller list to the Senate floor, the controversy has only grown during the 2006 baseball season, as Barry Bonds continues his quest to move right on past Babe Ruth and break Hank Aaron’s home run record. Although Bonds’ case has certainly attracted the most publicity, the issue is definitely not confined to baseball. The best-selling book â€Å"Game of Shadows† was written by two reporters who had spent months investigating top athletes from a variety of sports, including Olympians like track star Marion Jones. While it does focus extensively on Bonds, this meticulously researched bestseller also describes in detail how many other†¦show more content†¦The synthesis of testosterone was first achieved in 1930s Nazi Germany, but the initial discovery was greeted with indifference Over the next few decades, however, athletes and their coaches (especially bodybuilders) began to realize and covet the performance enhancing qualities of these drugs. (Wikipedia) During the 1950s, and at the 1952 Olympic games in particular, Americans were blown away by the power of their Russian and European competitors. It did not take American doctors long to realize that the â€Å"unnatural† performance of these athletes was just that. These bodybuilders and wrestlers had been given steroids in the form of synthetic testosterone. U.S. doctors scrambled to come up with a drug that with do the same for American athletes, and by the late 1950s they had succeeded in bringing such a drug to the market, known as Dianabol. It was the first of many. (Wikipedia) Whatever their intentions, these early pioneers in the field of steroid development did not realize the Pandora’s box they had opened, and they certainly did not realize that the demons thus released would continue to plague sports into the next century. Anabolic steroids definitely did what they were supposed to insofar as promoting muscle growth, resulting in a more powerful and bigger athlete. At first it seemed ideal, and use of these drugs was soon widespread. The East German women’s swim team circa the 1970s and 1980s is aShow MoreRelatedSteroids And Its Effects On The Body985 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately, the use of steroids can easily lead to many major health problems. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse â€Å"Steroids abuse may lead to serious, even irreversible, health problems. Some of the most dangerous consequences†¦kidney impairment or failure; damage to the liver; and cardiovascular problems†¦leading to an increased risk of stroke and heart attack (even in young people)† (NIH). Steroids can affect an athlete by increasing the heart rate and decreasing the stamina, aRead MoreSteroids And Its Effects On Sports781 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"doping†, and â€Å"juicing†. These terms refer to using steroids. With the benefits of steroid use, comes major health issues. As a result of steroid use, there has been an increase of physical irregularities and stunted growth. Steroi ds have a negative reputation due to past events involving health issues and cheating in sports. Steroids can be taken a few different ways, such as injection or ingestion. There are also countless types of steroids that come in all shapes, sizes, and forms. 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My top three choices were: to research the effect of steroids on athleticism, how popular or well known food chains alter the body, and how playing sports impact your physical health later in life. Finally, after weeks of debating my options, the topic I chose to do my personal project on was, â€Å"How Popular or Well-Known Food Chains Alter the Body.† After picking my subjectRead More Effects Of Anobolic Steroids Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Anabolic Steroids You’ve all seen them, the enormously large muscle-heads at the gym, the participates of the World’s Strongest Man Competition, the amazing offensive tackles, and the lightning fast runners. They were all unnaturally strong, and looked like gods. You tend to obsess over how beautiful their bodies are, how strong they are, or how fast they can run. All you can think about is reaching that level of athletic excellence, and nothing will hold you back. At times likeRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Testosterone and Steroids 1404 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic-androgenic steroid is a family of lipophilic hormone that derived from cholesterol, which includes the natural male hormone testosterone and its synthetic derivatives, such as nandrolone and androsterone (Janjic et al. 2012; Basile et al. 2013). Testosterone is the principle molecule that possesses both anabolic and androgenic properties, which semantically refers to the ability to stimulate the synthesis of complex biol ogical molecules and the growth of masculine characteristics respectivelyRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Steroid Use754 Words   |  3 PagesSteroids can affect an athlete’s physical health. Developing breasts from steroid use is very common. Breasts develop because when high doses of steroids are used for prolonged periods, they shut down certain hormones such as testosterone. Studies show that estrogen is what causes breast tissue growth; progesterone needs to be available in order to keep breast size down. Shrunken testicles can also occur because when a person uses steroids, they introduce a new hormone from outside their body atRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On The Brain1608 Words   |  7 PagesBrief History Anabolic steroids are directly related to steroids, and both have similar effects, however anabolic steroids intensify protein production in cells, leading to enlarged muscles, rather steroids contain various hormones including testosterone. Both, however exert the chemical dopamine into the blood stream, negatively effecting the brain driving addiction and abuse. The steps and action foreshadowing steroids can be traced back to 1849, when a German scientist named Arnold AdolphRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On Sports Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are a substance that is most commonly used by a small number of athletes take to make their body stronger, get bigger, and recover quicker. They are synthetic substance that is similar to the male hormone testosterone(Steroid Effects). They can be taken in several forms such as shot,pill or gel. The arguments for and against steroids are very common and there are several strong points made for each argument. Steroids are extremely powerful substances that haveRead MoreSteroid Hormones And Its Effects On The Body2137 Words   |  9 PagesThe term steroids are defined as, One of a large group of chemical substances classified by a specific carbon structure. Steroids include drugs used to relieve swelling and inflammation, such as prednisone and cortisone; Vitamin D; and some sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol (medicine net, The Web). According to the medical source, Among them are male and female sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. Vitamin s of the D group are steroids involved in calcium metabolism. Cholesterol

The Importance Of Employee Motivation For Employees

Introduction Making employees realising full potential is becoming one of the fundamental and outstanding points in modern business management. In organisations, work motivation is a hot topic attracting a lot of scholars to study relevant theories, while it forces executives to recognise the importance of employee motivation for company further development and focus on employee’s needs in operation. Considering effectiveness of motivation, dressing lower needs could be the fundamental part of motivation, but other factors also would make a difference at the workplace. In this essay, it will give different definitions about lower needs and motivation firstly. From Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this paper attempts to show the necessary of lower needs and indicate the utility of meeting these needs. Alderfer’s ERG theory would be used to present the different influence between lower needs and higher needs in order to discuss that various factors could motivate employees t o work productively and effectively. Definition Motivation could be referred as a theoretical construct which means needs, desires, want or drives within the individuals and has been considered as a human nature. It is an internal process that forces people to reach a goal. Motivation in work is described as influence how employees decide to perform in their job (Pinder, 2008, pp. 10-13). Several recent studies investigating motivation have been carried out on different needs. As a basic and well-knownShow MoreRelatedTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation can be a key-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose o f this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation andRead MoreThe Success Or Failure Of Any Firm Or Organization Depends Upon The Competency And Proficiency Of Its Workforce1584 Words   |  7 Pagesa particular organization and its employees, motivation is required from the workforce. Employee maintenance can be practiced by thoroughly motivating the employees in many ways. In the big organizational environment, it is hard for the supervisor to motivate employees as compared to the small organizational environment. There are various strategies and techniques which are to be applied in order to motivate employees for better performance. Motivating employees require finding a balance. There areRead MoreThe Effects Of Motivation On Motivation Within The Workplace1001 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation is necessary for employees to grow and stay satisfied with their jobs and their current employer. Motivation is a driving factor that leads people to work harder, produce hig her quality work, and contributing to the factor of overall satisfaction, which leads to better employee retention. Everyone is unique, with their own set of unique values and ideas. To be successful in instilling motivation within a company there has to be multiple strategies in place to reach each individual. ARead MoreLearning and Growth Perspective Analysis641 Words   |  3 Pagesof their employees in their attempt to improve their performance. This objective is reached with the help of learning and growth strategies. The measures of learning and growth strategies are reflected by companies financial performance, customer satisfaction, business development, and others. A measure of learning and growth measure that is of great importance to organizations, but that is difficult to measure is represented by employee satisfaction level. The importance of employee satisfactionRead MoreIntroduction. Sns Is A Marketing And Public Relations Company1544 Words   |  7 Pagesretains an engaged employee pool that will provide exceptional customer service to the clients. Over the next several months, SNS will implement various motivational tools to encourage and reward creativity, insight, teamwork and enthusiasm. The Importance of Motivation In today’s demanding work environment, employee engagement can be a challenging task. Understanding the importance of motivating employees is vital to the success of the company. Rabideau (2005) states that motivation is the correlationRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On Employee Performance Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages The Art of Motivation Tushayla R. 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Baack (2012) notes that the exiting literature on motivation seeks to develop an understanding of the nature of motivation, how to increase motivation level in employees and improve employee performance; thus, in turn, improve overall performance of the organization. Motivation helps employees to feelRead MoreKey Indicators or Factors in the Motivation of Employees889 Words   |  4 PagesTHE KEY INDICATORS OR FACTORS IN THE MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYESS- A CASE STUDY OF GHANA PORTS AND HARBOUR AUTHORITY BY DOGBEY K. GERSHON ( AC/09/WDS/1064) Abstract The study examined the ranked importance of motivational factors of employees at The Ghana Ports amp; Harbours Authority Human Resource Department,Research and Public Relation Department. The hand-delivered descriptive survey addressed ten motivating factors in the context of employee motivation theory. Findings suggest interesting

Aristotle s On The Soul - 975 Words

Mark A. Elvy Professor Ryan Shea PHL 103-009 22 February 2017 On the Soul by Aristotle Analysis 1. Classification a. Aristotle’s On the Soul is a treatise. 2. Summary a. Aristotle discusses the nature of the soul of not only humans but all living things, and as to why they are considered living. The question surrounding the work is what makes the soul? To answer this Aristotle concludes that the soul is natural and entelecheia or being-at-work-staying-itself. 3. Structure a. Overview of the soul i. Defining the soul is the most difficult to define. (402a) 1. There is a variety of methods are used to define the soul. a. Thinking causes us to bring up questions about what we know about the soul and prevents us from creating logical†¦show more content†¦the soul could not be a body, since it is not the body that is an underlying thing, but rather the body has being as an underlying thing and material [for something else].† (412a10) d. â€Å"So, everything that lives and has a soul at all necessarily has the nutritive soul from birth and up to death...† (434a 20) 3. Argument a. â€Å"†¦harmony is some ratio or putting together of things that have been mixed or joined and the soul cannot be either of these.† (407b 30) i. Argument: Some people define the soul to be a harmony or as a blending of contraries, but that’s not what the soul is. ii. Analysis: Aristotle argues that the soul isn’t harmony rather that there are several souls that make up the body that work in harmony. b. â€Å"the soul could not be a body, since it is not the body that is in an underlying thing, but rather the body has being as an underlying thing and material [for something else].† (412a10) i. Argument: The soul is not a body. ii. Analysis: Aristotle is arguing that the soul cannot be a body because the soul does not have self-nourishing abilities only natural bodies do. The soul is instead everlasting so it has the ability of being-at-work-staying-itself. 4. Solutions a. After finding everything the soul isn’t, AristotleShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Philosophy Of The Mind And Soul1176 Words   |  5 PagesKolb Ancient Philosophy 18 Nov 2014 To understand Aristotle’s philosophy of the mind and soul, one must begin with his concepts of change, epistemology, and nature. The scope of this paper is to explain the basic tenants of Aristotle’s philosophy with the hope of shedding some light on his metaphysics and De anima; more specifically, the nature of the human mind and soul in relation to knowledge. Aristotle begins his theory of knowledge with a critique on Plato’s forms. Before sensation and perceptionRead MoreAristotle s Rhetorical Rhetoric On The Human Soul1553 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s Rhetorical Rhetoric Aristotle, a famous philosopher, is one of the most renowned Greek scholars, and was an influential force in ancient Greece and in modern society. He was the head of the Macedon royal academy, where he taught Alexander the Great, his most famous pupil. He founded the famous Lyceum in Athens later in his life, which is portrayed in Raphael’s painting â€Å"School of Athens.† Aristotle is known for his interest in nature and science, and his emphasis on empirical evidenceRead MoreEssay about Morals and Ethics1134 Words   |  5 Pages Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Nietzsche all had their own ideas for which one could reach happiness in his/her life. All have similarities in there reasoning except Nietzshe, who contradicts the others entirely. Plato states that to understand virtue is happiness. In turn virtue suffices for happiness and is necessary. Also he intuits that human reasoning prevails over spirited element or a person?s appetite. Aristotle?s arguments relate with Plato, but he builds more to it and finds his ownRead MoreAristotle And Heidegger s Views On What A Human Or Beings Are862 Words   |  4 Pages Aristotle and Heidegger have conflicting views on what a human or beings are. Although, there are some similarities to each of their set of ideas. Aristotle has a clear hierarchical framework classifying the differences between humans, animals, and plants. Heidegger opposes this strict definitions by discussing this idea of â€Å"Dasein† which states of being there. Although, their approaches to this topic are different with the types of question one asks and how they theorize about what is a being.Read MoreThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice, being on everyone s lips, is used so often that it may signify nearly anything. Though one of the main meanings given by modern people is the interchangeability of justice with the word â€Å"fairness†. Indeed, in any s ituation occurred in our everyday life we all want to be treated in a fair way, because we believe that we deserve equal and unbiased treatment - one should not be paid any less because of gender, one should not be judged more roughly because of one s skin color or one should notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The First Ones 1562 Words   |  7 Pagespowerful. They have meaning. Words are defined as ways feelings are express and influence is spread. Throughout history, questions like, â€Å"What is justice?† and â€Å"How do we justify what is just or good?† have popped up in human minds and Plato and Aristotle were the first philosophers to answer these questions. 2. Plato 2.1. His Life To many people, Plato was known as the first writer of philosophy. Plato was born in Athens in 429 BC (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). His birth name was Aristocles and gainedRead MoreAristotle Is A Well Renowned Philosopher That Lived And866 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle is a well renowned philosopher that lived and taught in Greece during the time of 350 B.C. He was a student of Plato, yet is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of forms. He was both a prolific writer in addition to a polymath and expanded the knowledge of numerous areas of study. He even classified a multitude of distinctions for different aspects of knowledge that are still in use today such as mathematics and biology. Aristotle was the first to develop a formalized system of logic whichRead MoreAncient Greek Philosophers Who Have Helped Shape The World1350 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty centuries ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle laid out the foundations of Western culture. The principles of Greek philosophy im plemented its way into encompassing a persons point of view or their knowledge on society. Aristotle has helped improve and transmuted the world by his views on ethics and virtues he has instructed and justified thoroughly and the endowment of philosophy and science, whereas he created a comprehensive system of subjects. Aristotle has laid out virtues, which is the importantRead MoreConfessions By Saint Augustine And The Nicomachean Ethics1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle the theme of friendship is constantly portrayed. Each philosopher has his own respected thoughts and opinions about the different aspects of friendship. This paper will argue both the similarities and differences between Aristotle and Saint Augustine’s argument about the role of friendship. In The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that friendship is the greatest of external goods which is necessary to live a pleasant life. Aristotle then proceeds to defineRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1408 Words   |  6 Pagesof Plato and Aristotle differ greatly from the contemporary theories of Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. Plato and Aristotle focused on the importance of virtue in an individual’s life. Plato believed that purity of the soul was the most important thing in life and can be achieved by mastering the four virtues: justice, wisdom, courage, and moderation. Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a just soul. Both of these

Nursing Final Free Essays

Its a beta blocker. – Chapter 18- Peripheral Vascular Disorders -Hypertension- BP 140/90. -Hypertensive Crisis- 180/120 -DASH diet- 2,000 calories. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7-8 grains, fewer than 2 servings of protein Review pages 430- 438 Chapter 29- Urinary System – Urinary Tract Infection- #1 Nonsocial infection Most common location is the bladder (cystitis) Most common upper OUT is kidney and renal pelvis (polytheists) Most common bacteria to cause OUT is e-coli Difference between Cystitis and Polytheists Cystitis- Disarray, urgency, nocturne, Papyri, Hematite Polytheists- Same as above plus flank pain, N-V-D, fever, malaise- Urinary Calculi. Stones made from Ca. Dull, aching to severe flank pain. Nausea, vomiting. Gross hematite. – Lithography- crushing stones through sound waves – Acute Renal Failure. -Rapid onset. Reversible. Most common cause is sashimi (poor perfusion to the kidney) Most common symptom is Algeria (urine output less than 400 muddy) High BUN and creating levels Page 2 Occurs in 3 stages: initiation (up to days), maintenance phase (up to 2 weeks) and this is here all the problems occur, and the recovery phase (up to 1 – Globetrotting’s Leading cause of kidney disease and failure Caused by strep (a beta-hemolytic strep) Surrounded by bowman’s capsule Sex: hematite, proteins, hypoglycemia, azotes (increase Nitrogen) Lasts 10-14 days Nephritis- nephritis is any degenerative disease of the renal tubules. Nephritis can be caused by kidney disease, or it may be secondary to another disorder. It should not be confused with nephritis, where inflammation is implied. – Nephritic Syndrome Same as above but there is a significant loss of protein lost in urine Found in lupus ND those with kidney disorders Sex: proteins, low albumin, high lipids, and severe edema in face and periodontal area. Blood clots are common. – Urine Dipstick PH 6-6. 5 specific gravity 1. 010-1. 025 Everything else is negative in a healthy patient Potassium Normal 3. -5. 2 – Sodium Normal 135-145 Drugs that lower sodium levels are diuretics, (pep-/ Noreen), decongestants and antithetic medications IV solutions that increase sodium are Nasal Chapter 31- Male Reproductive – Tetrahedral resection of the prostate (TURN) – is a surgical procedure that removes portions of the prostate gland through the TURN requires no external incision. Pen’s. A Inserted through the penis and the wir e loop is guided by the surgeon so it can remove carried by fluid the obstructing tissue one piece at a time. The pieces of tissue are into the bladder and flushed out at the end of the procedure. TURN is generally done to relieve symptoms due to prostate enlargement, often due to quite enlarged Problems with dribbling. BP. BP is a condition in which the prostate gland may become and cause problems with urination. Symptoms may include getting a urine stream started . Nocturne, urgency, Monitor tort hemorrhage tort the TLS 2 Chapter 32- Female Reproductive Meteorological Bleeding between periods Sign of cervical or uterine cancer Dilation and Curettage (D ;C) Page 3 – Cervical canal is scraped 48 hours. Monitor for circulation. Avoid pillow under legs. Avoid tampons for 2 weeks. – Vaginas Fungal (candidates) Protozoan (trice. ) bacteria (grandparent) Chapter 34/35- Endocrine System Biofeedback Mechanisms (3 below) 1) glucose maintenance- interplay between insulin and clangor, pancreatic hormones that release glucose and store glucose, respectively 2) body temperature maintenance -hypothalamus, nerves, skin, sweat glands, earth(beats faster if warm), kidneys -if your temp. Increases due to exercise/warm weather/illness: sweating occurs to produce evaporation which leads to cooling -if your temp. Decreases due to cold weather/being scared/illness: â€Å"goose bumps† (obliteration) occurs, which are thought to be derived from a response that enable the hair to stand on end causing more insulation and heat 3) fluid maintenance- -kidneys regulate how much fluid is excreted. If you are dehydrated they will produce less urine. If you drink a lot of fluid quickly, then more ur ine will be excreted – Thyroid sits on either side of trachea Isthmus connects two lobes Needs iodine to secrete to (thyroxin) and to (trinitrotoluene) that increases metabolism Also secretes calculation that decreases excess calcium levels in the blood – Hyperthyroidism Too much thyroid hormone AS: Increased appetite, yet loses weight. If left untreated, will cause cardiac dysphasia and heart failure Develops into 2 disorders: Graves disease and thyroid crisis Graves disease (goiters ; expostulates- protruding eyes) Expostulates- protruding eyes Thyroid storm- High fever (;102), tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness, seizures, delirium- Tracheotomy- Will be on lifelong replacement hormones Thyroid state (balanced hormonal state before surgery) Nursing precautions: hemorrhage, respiratory distress, laryngeal nerve damage, tenant, thyroid storm Maxed- form of hypothyroidism Brought on by exposure to cold, infix, temp, trauma, narcotics ; tranquilizer More frequent in women AS: seizures, lethargy to coma, hypothermia. Respiratory and cardiovascular systems shut down. TX: airway, Cardiac function, increasing Temperature and HTH levels by getting labyrinthine by IV. Page 4 – Cushing Syndrome Adrenal cortex produces too much cortical (hormone) or ACTA AS: fat deposits in abdomen, clavicle, buffalo hump, round moon face, hirsute (excessive facial hair) DXL: Increase cortical level and elevate 24 hour urine test with 17- sisterhoods and 17- horticulturalists. Low potassium, Sodium and glucose levels are also higher. Meds: lessoned and acetated are commonly used. Addison Disease Adrenal insufficiency AS: decrease glorifications, mineralogist’s, and androgen’s TX: IV fluids, glucose, An, sociolinguistics, warm and quiet environment DXL: Decreased levels of cortical, decreased 24 hour urine test with 17- sisterhoods, Potassium is increased, glucose and sodium are decreased. Phosphorescently benign tumor of adrenal medulla Produces excessive amounts of epinephrine and morphogenesis Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system AS: BP 200-300/150 +, pounding HA, profuse sweating, tachycardia, flushing, DXL: increased catecholamine levels in the blood or urine, CT scan. Tracheotomy Nursing care: stabilize BP – Tracheotomy Removal of adrenal gland High risk of Addison crisis or adrenal crisis. – Addison Crisis hypertension, rapid weak pulse, extreme weakness, confusion, circulating collapse and shock. Dangerously low K+ levels. – Diabetes Insipid Results from lack of DAD hormone Two types: energetic (damage to pituitary) and nephritic (Kidneys) Risk for hyperthermia Sex: Polynesia, popularly (5-15 ml. ‘day) urine specific gravity of less than 1. 005, mucous pale urine, weakens, dehydration, tachycardia, poor skin author, dry membranes Nursing Care: managing fluid and electrolytes, replacing DAD. Monitor daily weight. Meds: Visionaries (monitor for h/a and abdominal cramps). Ethicize diuretics sodium Chapter 36- Diabetes – Normal blood glucose is 70-100. Diagnosing Diabetes plasma glucose level (200) oral glucose tolerance test (2 hour test, 200) sting blood glucose (8 hour test, 126) Peripheral Vascular Disease Greater in Type 2 Atherosclerosis of lower legs Page 5 Leads to gangrene. (Most common cause of amputations) AS: hair loss, atrophic skin, cool feet, red- white legs, thick toenails, pain with walking a pulses. ND at rest (usually at night), diminished or absent peripheral – Type 1 Diabetes Destruction of beta cells leads to state of absolute insulin deficiency Usually occurs in childhood Prone to developing acidosis’s Insulin dependent Sex: Popularly, Polynesia, polyphonic, weight loss, fatigue, malaise, blurred vision – Type 2 Diabetes Sufficient insulin to prevent acidosis’s, but to lower blood glucose Usually occurs after 30 Most clients are obese Insulin requiring but not dependent Sex: Popularly, Polynesi a, obesity, recurrent infix, fatigue, blurred vision, parenthesis (numbness and tingling around mouth and hands and feet. – DAD 1800 clone Diet Diabetic Acidosis Occurs in Type 1 diabetes Sex: hyperglycemia, dehydration, coma, BBS 250, stentorian. Metabolic Acidosis’s= fruity, alcohol breath Common in those who are undiagnosed. TX: fluids, insulin, correction of electrolytes. Unconsciousness patients need 0. 9% normal saline to replace sodium. Start with 0. 9, then 0. 45%. Dextrose is added to prevent hypoglycemia. Exercise Reduces blood glucose by increase glucose use by the muscles. Eat snack before exercising. Avoid exercising if fasting is ; 250. -Only regular insulin may be given b y the IV route. HAS (Hyperbolas Hyperglycemia State) Occurs in Type 2 Characterized by severely high glucose ( or ;), extreme dehydration, and alter LOC, grand mall seizures. -Differences between DAKAR and HAS Type 1 Lethargy H HAS Type 2 Coma Samuels breaths Rapid, shallow breathing Glucose ;250 Glucose ; 600 *Samuels breathing – rapid, deep respiration to prevent decrease in PH. Smoggy Effect Morning rise in glucose after a nighttime hypoglycemia. Sex: tenors, night sweats, and restlessness. TX: Eat bedtime snack Dawn phenomenon Rise in glucose between 4 am and 8 am. TX: increase insulin dose or changing injection time from dinnertime to bedtime Page Hyperglycemia Sex: Increased thirst and frequency Diet: low carbohydrates and sugar, sufficient hydration, and frequent small meals. – Hypoglycemia Sex: carry an emergency snack high in carbohydrates to help raise low blood sugar. People who have experienced hypoglycemia in the past should eat meals at regular intervals, avoid excessive alcohol and never drink alcohol on an empty stomach. Chapter 37- Nervous system – Cardiovascular Accident- Brain attack or stroke Thrombosis C.V.- Caused by atherosclerosis of arteries. Happens during or after sleep. Embolism C.V.- caused by problems with the heart Hemorrhagic C.V.- caused by hypertension Right Side vs. Left side Effects left side Effects right side Visual Unaware Impulsive Heat stroke Speech (Left-Language) Away re Slow, cautious heat cramps, heat syncope (fainting), and heat exhaustion . Nausea, seizures, confusion, disorientation, and sometimes loss of consciousness. Remove any extra clothes. – Frost bite Don’t put direct heat on it. Wrap in blankets or move to a warmer environment. Chapter 38- Interracial Disorders – Closed head injuries Coup-contractor- Jerking forward-jerking back – Concussion brain injury resulting trot violent snaking or impact – Contusion bleeding into soft tissue resulting from blunt force Epidural Hematite severe blow to brain causing arterial bleeding between skull and durra mater. – Suburbia Hematite injury between durra mater and subtractions layer – Antibacterial Hematite Bleeding into brain caused by gunshot wound or depressed skull fracture- Simple arterial seizure- Jerking of finger, hand, foot, leg and face. Called Jackson March. – Sex: flashing lights, tingling sensations, or hallucinations. – Complex Partial Seizures Sex: lip smacking, aimless walking, picking up clothing – Absence seizures- In children. Blank stare. Lasts 5-10 seconds. May be unaware. – Tonic-clinic seizures- Adults and children. From trauma. Stages: aura, tonic phase, clinic phase, postnatal phase Up to 30 miss Page 7 Chapter 39- Neurological and Spinal Multiple Sclerosis degenerative disease that damages myelin sheath surrounding axons. Marked by periods of exacerbation and remission Effects Women between 20-50 Myelin sheath is the white matter in the CONS Put is prone to IT’S, pressure ulcers, Joint conjunctures, pneumonia, depression DXL: SF (cerebration’s fluid analysis). Look for Gig. , MR. and CT scan. – Parkinson Disease Results from a lack of dopamine 3 cardiac signs: tremor, rigidity, braininess. Pill-rolling. Leopard- Used to treat shaking, stiffness, and slow movement Interscholastic- Med for Parkinson Sex: dry mouth, orthodontic hypertension, constipation, urinary hesitation, pupil dilation, blurred vision, dry eyes, photosensitive, increased heart rate. Anesthesia Gravies Marked by periods of exacerbation and remission Sex: eyelid photos (drooping eye), diploma (double vision), slurred speech, nasal voice, difficulty chewing or swallowing Face appears to have a snarl or grimace Risk for aspiration and respiratory insufficiency – Choleric Crisis caused by taking meds too early. Sex: Severe muscle weakness, NV, increased salivation, sweating, brickyard. – Anesthetic crisis Caused by taking meds late Sex: muscle weakness, inability to speak/swallow, respiratory distress, anxiety – Terminal Neuralgia Causes pain along both sides of face. Sex: periodic, severe pain in cheeks, forehead, lips. Triggered by wind, chewing, shaving. Rhizome- surgical severing of a nerve root to control pain. – Autonomic Dyslexia Effects TO and above. Stimulated by full bladder or fecal impaction. TX: Elevate HOB 45 degrees. Check for kinks in catheter. – CLC-CA injury puts a person on a ventilator. MONOCOTYLEDON a protrusion of impinges and spinal cord through a defect in the spinal column Chapter 40- Eye Disorders – Cataracts Red-reflex (reddish-orange glow in pupil when light hits it) disappears. Intraocular lens is implanted to focus light and restore vision. Snell Chart Eye chart. Madrigals- med that causes dilation of pupil Page 8 Chapter 43- Musculoskeletal Trauma Mast Suit Used for carcinogenic hypoglycemic shock in abdominal, pelvic and lower extremity Internal (Proportional) trauma – Know: Diabetes, insulin – peak time preparing, when to administer, Insulin Comparison Chart: Insulin Type Onset Peaks at Ends Working in Low Occurs at Humanly- (Rapid) 15-20 miss 30-90 miss 3-4 hours 2-4 her Novel- (Rapid) 15-20 miss 40-50 miss 3-4 hours 2-4 her Regular (short)30-60 miss 80-120 miss 4-6 hours 3-7 her NAP (intermediate 2-4 hours 6-10 hours 14-16 hours 6-12 her Landaus (Long) 2-3 hours almost no peak 18-26 hours 4-24 her Oxalate: This medication is used to treat a high level of potassium in your blood. Too much potassium in your blood can sometimes cause heart rhythm problems. Sodium polystyrene sultanate works by helping your body get rid of extra potassium. Corticosteroids- from the adrenal cortex . Used to treat purists (itching) and psoriasis, bone cancer, chronic interpolator diseases such as Arthur s Sociolinguistics (creditors) raises blood glucose levels. Mineralogical (lodestone) maintains normal salt and water balance through kidneys. How to cite Nursing Final, Papers

Theories and Definitions Data analysis

Question: Discuss about the Theories and Definitions Data analysis. Answer: Introduction There are various statistical techniques that are available for the analysis of data. Regression analysis, confidence interval are important measures of statistics. There are two types of variables that are used in statistical methods. Continuous random variable and discrete random variable are the two important divisions of the random variables (Struben et al. 2015). In this assignment, various statistical techniques would be explained to provide a brief idea about them. Theories and definitions related to regression techniques, discrete random variable, continuous random variable and confidence interval would be described in this assignment. The assignment would give an idea about the above said methods and variables in statistics and the procedure to use these techniques and variables. The assignment would also give an idea about the knowledge and understanding that had been gained from the theories and definitions related to regression techniques, discrete random variable, continuous random variable and confidence interval. Regression technique Regression techniques are used to find the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variables (Kleinbaum et al. 2013). Regression analysis is used to predict a continuous dependent variable from one or more independent variables (Cameron and Trivedi 2013). The degree of influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable is understood by the method of regression techniques. There are seven types of regression techniques that can be used. They are linear regression methods, polynomial regression, stepwise regression, logistic regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, and Elastic Net regression (Cameron and Trivedi 2013). The regression equation is given by Y = 0 + i Xi ; where i= 1,2,.k (Kleinbaum et al. 2013). Regression techniques help to frame a model that can be used for prediction and forecasting and infer casual relationship between independent and dependent variables. This tool of modeling and analyzing data is used by fitting a curve o n the points of data so that the distance between these data points and regression line is minimized (Draper and Smith 2014). Thus, regression analysis is used to indicate the significant relationship between independent variable and dependent variables and indicate the potency of the impact of independent variable on dependent variable. Discrete random variable The variable which can acquire only a countable number of values is termed as discrete random variable. In the methods of probability distribution, the random variable is defined as the function which maps the point of a probability space on the real space (Petrov 2012). When there random variables is discrete, it is known as discrete random variable. The probability distribution function of a discrete random variable is known as probability density function. The probability mass function of any discrete random variable is any graph, table, or formula which gives each probable value along with its probability (Petrov 2012). Continuous random variable The random variable which takes infinitely many values is known as continuous random variable (Kay 2012). The values of these variables come from continuous random distributions as a continuous random variable tales on an uncountable infinite number of possible outcomes. Specific probabilities cannot be assigned to the continuous variables as a continuous random variable takes unlimited number of possible values (Hogg et al. 2014). The values of continuous random variable come from an interval which consists of the values of these random variables. The probability distribution function of a continuous random variable is knows as probability density function (Hogg et al. 2014). Confidence interval Confidence interval is defined as the interval estimate of a parameter of the population (Struben et al. 2015). Confidence interval is usually calculated from the observations and is different from sample to sample. Confidence interval is formed by calculating the lower confidence limit and upper confidence limit of the sample from the population (Cappelleri and Ting 2015). The region between this lower confidence limit and upper confidence limit gives the confidence interval of the population parameter. A large range of values lie in the confidence interval and it acts as a perfect estimate of the population parameter. Confidence interval is usually considered for 99%, 95%, 90%, 85% and 80% of confidence interval (Perez et al. 2014). These confidence intervals are usually considered from the desired level of significance in which the sample is to be estimated. Conclusion It can be concluded that these statistical techniques are useful for knowing various dimensions of the sample and its population. The dependency of the dependent variable on the independent variable, two types of random variables and the confidence interval of the parameters of population was described and its utility in the statistical field was given. It is seen that the mean of the variable was 17.491; median was 18.63 while the mode was 22.75. It is seen that discrete random variable and continuous random variable have different modes of approach towards probability distribution. The discrete variables show that the 22 male customers use sauna service and 25 of them do not like it. Similarly, 20 female customers use the sauna service while 31 of them do not like it. It is also seen that the highest frequency result with 8 customers which have a 19% for the first hour and there are two second highest frequency with 6 customers each have a 14% for the fourth hour and twentieth hour respectively. The Poisson distribution shows that the probability that 2 customers visiting sauna after gym is 0.2707 while the probability reduces to 0.0361 when it comes to 5 customers. The confidence interval was found to be (14.773, 18.774). The regression technique shows that there exist a negative relationship between the timing hour and the number of customers visiting sauna. The value of R2 was found to be 0.264 while the value of R was found to be -0.514. Reflection I have learnt that there are two kinds of variables that are random, are available. They are continuous random variable and discrete random variable. Both these variables have different approaches towards the probability distributions. I have learnt that regression techniques indicate the significant relationship between independent variable and dependent variables and it indicates the strength of relationship between them. I have also learnt that confidence interval estimates the interval estimate of a parameter of the population. Thus, this assignment had helped me to understand various statistical techniques and their utilities. I came to know that there exist dependent vaialbes and indepdnnet variables apart from discrete and random variables. I came to know about the importance of the relationship between them. I also learnt the importance of confidence interval. References Cameron, A.C. and Trivedi, P.K., 2013.Regression analysis of count data(Vol. 53). Cambridge university press. Cappelleri, J.C. and Ting, N., 2015. Evaluation of a Confidence Interval Approach for Relative Agreement in a Crossed Three-Way Random Effects Model. InApplied Statistics in Biomedicine and Clinical Trials Design(pp. 381-392). Springer International Publishing. Draper, N.R. and Smith, H., 2014.Applied regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Hogg, R.V., Tanis, E. and Zimmerman, D., 2014.Probability and statistical inference. Pearson Higher Ed. Kay, S.M., 2012. Continuous Random Variables. InIntuitive Probability and Random Processes Using MATLAB(pp. 285-342). Springer US. Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Nizam, A. and Rosenberg, E.S., 2013.Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. Nelson Education. Perez, A.E., Haskell, N.H. and Wells, J.D., 2014. Evaluating the utility of hexapod species for calculating a confidence interval about a succession based postmortem interval estimate.Forensic science international,241, pp.91-95. Petrov, V., 2012.Sums of independent random variables(Vol. 82). Springer Science Business Media. Struben, J., Sterman, J. and Keith, D., 2015. Parameter and confidence interval estimation in dynamic models: maximum likelihood and bootstrapping methods.Analytical Handbook for Dynamic Modelers.